On a Direct Mercator chart meridians are parallel, equally spaced, straight lines. Question: On a Direct Mercator chart, a thumb line appears as a:ī) Small circle concave to the nearer pole Subscriptions start from £23 for one month for access to ATPL/CPL questions. For more questions like this one, visit the BGSonline question bank to start revising with over 15,000+ ATPL, CPL, IR and PPL questions. ![]() This is an example of the type of question you may have in a General Navigation exam. The EASA exams do not allow electronic navigational computers, only the mechanical type based on a circular slide rule.Īn Example of a General Navigation Exam Question You’ll have 55 multiple-choice questions to answer during this time, with the pass rate being 75%. The exam for General Navigation lasts 2 hours and 15 minutes. The solar system, Kepler’s law, the solar day, the year, local time calculations, the international date line, uses of LMT, sunrise, sunset and twilight. Route planning, choice of ground features, plotting the chart, line features, locating identifiable landmarks, the navigation log, tracking errors, ground speed errors and speed adjustments.Ĭalculating top of decent and top of climb position, mental DR techniques, wind components, headwind and crosswind by trigonometry. Heading, track and drift, wind calculations, wind finding, finding head and ground speed, average wind calculation, and finding track and ground speed.īearings, Q codes, relative bearings, symbols and charts and plotting distances. Triangle of Velocities and Dead Reckoning Glidepath calculations and speed, glideslopes as percentages, mach numbers and air miles versus ground miles.įuel calculations, other uses of the navigational computer and distance conversions. Total air temperature (TAT), static air temperature (SAT), height, altimetry procedures and density altitude. The polar stereographic projection, convergence, scale and Mercator’s projection. Scale and scale calculations, chart projections, distortions and usable area, great circles, rhumb lines and Lambert projection. The Molecular theory of magnetism, magnetic fields, the Earth’s magnetism, isogonals, magnetic and compass direction. How distance is measured on Earth, and how distances relate to latitude and longitude.ĭirection, convergency, great circles, rhumb lines and conversion angles. This topic includes learning about the Earth, the poles, latitude, and longitude, as well as calculations of latitude. This is only meant as a guide to the General Navigation subject as it applies to the Bristol Groundschool ATPL theory course.īelow is a look at the individual topics the Bristol Groundschool ATPL course breaks General Navigation into and some of the things you’ll learn about in each topic. General Navigation (Gen Nav) covers topics and skills you will need for flying an aircraft such as charts, plotting, great circles, temperature, heights, and speed.ĭespite some thinking that modern GPS navigation has rendered this topic outdated, it is still an important topic for any pilot to learn.Ī good understanding of maths is needed for this subject as well as a Navigational Computer. Training Partner Guides and Instructions. ![]() Job Opportunities at Bristol Groundschool.UK CAA & Austro Control Examination Centre.Basic Instrument Rating (BIR) Theory Course. ![]() Competency-Based Instrument Rating (Aeroplane) CB-IR(A) Theory Course.
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